Сultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975

Introduction The author migrated from Vietnam to the United States in 1975 due to political conflicts. She was only eight years old when the family relocated to Michigan. The book talks about cultural conflicts that existed in the US at the time.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is reported that the author was confused between choosing to embrace her own culture and adopting the new lifestyle exhibited by Americans. Her grandmother prepared traditional foods while the American society consumed junk food, which was consumed by ‘real people’. Through analysis, it can be observed that the author was ambitious to adopt the American culture, which was perceived to be strong. The author developed a passion for American food mainly because of the style used to prepare it. In her traditional culture, foods such as s pring rolls and delicate pancakes were common. To be viewed as a real American, the author had to embrace some foods in her life such as Pringles, Kit Kats and many more. The book starts by narrating how the family of the author migrated from Saigon in 1975 to Michigan. The book picks up in subsequent sections to give the details of life experienced by an immigrant. This paper would therefore try to evaluate the tenets of the book in order to comprehend its effects on the views of Americans as regards to immigrants. The book would also be evaluated to come up with a personal view as regards to the growth of Asian-American population in the US. The essay first gives the synopsis of the book in order to understand the viewpoint of the author. Synopsis of the Book In part one, the author narrates how life was immediately her family arrived from Vietnam. She notes that the family arrived in Michigan unprepared, which forced the sponsor to find a place for the family to live. Apart from the residential premise, the sponsor had also to find some food for the family.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The food was American implying that it was unfamiliar to the family. The father was offered employment in order to earn a living for the family. The author goes ahead to narrate how it was difficult to cope with the climate that was extremely cold. The writer expresses concern over the type of life that the extended family lived. The house was small and the family did not have sufficient food to consume. This was a problem to the father since he could not sleep. In other words, the writer notes that life was hard. After sometime, an American company producing paint and specializing in tool making employed one of the family members. Even though life was difficult for these foreigners, they could afford some luxury goods to their children. The author notes that the sister controlled all toys meaning that some luxury goods were also available in the house. The author contrasts this luxury with a devastating state of affairs when she claims that the father competed with the uncles for pillows and comforters. Cultural differences started showing up when Mrs. Heidenga served the Author’s father and her uncle. The author notes that the father lamented heavily since Mrs. Heidenga served them with raw hamburgers. At this stage, the writer revisits the family history by observing that the family left Vietnam when she was very young. The activities that took place in the state forced the locals to run away from their country. The Communists had won the war, which meant that the community had to undergo political re-socialization. For that case, the community had to be introduced to new rules regarding communist ideas. The communist regime threatened to execute political opponents and sympathizers of capitalism. This had already happened to the authorâ €™s grandfather. Due to this tribulation, the author notes that Americans decided to intervene in order to save the lives of various children. However, this program was unsuccessful since the first plane carrying children crashed at the Son Nhut air base, killing many people. The author’s father decided to employ alternative option after noting that migrating to the US through the program would be difficult.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The father arranged for an alternative means after realizing that air transport was risky. The family struggled to migrate to the US since conditions were unfavorable. Many people wanted to quit Vietnam due to war and the conquering of the South but there were no escape routes. The author’s father used his friends who served in the military to help his family get out o f Vietnam. The journey was not easy since the immigrants had no food and water while in the ship. The family was introduced to an American food when the American soldiers provided apples to the refugees on board. The author’s father is described as a social man since he could make friends easily. For instance, he convinced the cooks to provide him with some food that he took to his two daughters. Furthermore, he sweat talked the soldiers by showing them how to play poker in exchange for powdered milk for his daughters (Nguyen 12). In the Forbidden Fruit part, the author narrates the life of her father, especially how he related to other refugees. The Vietnamese made efforts to send letters back home. Others concentrated on coming up with their own culture that would distinguish them from other members of society. For instance, the author notes that other Vietnamese could travel to Canada to acquire Chinese rice and even come with seeds that would march those found in their ho meland. The names of such plants could not be translated to English meaning that they were purely Vietnamese. Through food, the foreigners could express thanks to their ancestors by offering sacrifices using the Buddha statue (Nguyen 21). Analysis of the Book Own View Nguyen explains the role of Asian Americans in the development of American culture. The writer explores the experiences of Asians in America in relation to their historical awareness, sex roles, traditions and race. He refers to the white race as the mainstream, which is used by the society to gauge individual capability (21). The society tends to erect some barriers to individuals who do not follow the laid down regulations. This type of arrangement is detrimental to human life and exists to subjugate and oppress some members of society. The society encourages the minority race to join the mainstream implying that the white race is superior. Nguyen shows that modern America is a product of struggle between the minorit ies and various forms of injustices.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The minority have contributed too much to socio-political and economic development of America. Presenting American history as a struggle between white and black race would therefore be irrational. The best way of presenting American character is by viewing it as a diverse and manifold society. It is from the activities of minorities that America is what it is today. Slavery could not have been abolished were it not for the activities of the blacks and subsequent Civil War between the Northerners and Southerners. Egalitarianism and human rights could not have been granted were it not for women and other minorities engaging tirelessly in conflicts with colonialists. The author seems to neglect this fact in his analysis. Many things have taken place in America, which calls for insightful investigation to uncover all aspects. Even though racism has always taken a centre stage, it is not the only way of presenting American character. Asians have undergone many problems in America but few researches talk about them. The Chinese have variously been branded as bandits due to production of cheap goods. Japanese on the other hand suffer from money laundering labeling. This shows that each group has its own concerns in the wider society. Asian/white binary is just one of the mediums of presenting American character. Throughout American history, women have suffered most. Societal structure discriminated women against all social benefits such as employment, political participation and economic supremacy. The author does not talk about this in her analysis. Until recently, women were not allowed to join certain fields or professions in the labor market. Such expert fields were reserved for men. During the 1930s recession, women proved their worth but still they were not fully appreciated in society. After the World Wars, women capitalized on the president’s speech to demand for equal representation and participation in politics. The president declared that the war wa s meant to bring democracy and equality. Through feminine organizations, many historical events have been set. Language use in the modern society is neutral meaning that women need not to adopt male names upon marriage. Legislations have been passed aiming at protecting the rights of women. This proves that the American history is not about race only, as observed by the author. The issue of allocation of resources has threatened to divide Americans in the past. The poor have not been allowed to participate in production fully. The rich have acquired the state, which they use to prevent the poor from revolting against the status quo. Recent studies confirm that the gap between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is widening. The less fortunate from time to time have risen up to challenge their position in society. This is another area of concern confirming that American history is diverse, contrary to what the author views. After the war, each person was treated with honor just as Ng uyen could note because each laborer received a wage that was commensurate to his/her work. Furthermore, America became a free society where each person, including the Asians could participate in elections. Any person was free to vie for any political office as long as he or she qualified. Discrimination based on race or ethnicity was no longer an issue to those seeking leadership in society. The state could not attempt to erect barriers that would temper with individual fulfillment. The state could only act as a utility that oversaw individual realization. It is upon this strength that Americans decided to trust leadership with an individual from another race. Everybody voted for Obama. He was not discriminated in anyway because the constitution provides stricter measures against racial discrimination. No country boosts of cultural diversity than the US. Views of Others As Nguyen could suggest, American society is more structured in terms of culture. The white culture is believed t o be powerful. Therefore, other races are urged to assimilate. This is a problem because voters are convinced to vote on tribal and racial lines. This means that an individual must command a huge racial following for him/her to emerge winner in any election. This happens mostly in state politics where races or tribes elect representatives. It is not surprising that the majority of senators and governors are whites. This has a profound effect because elected leaders influence the system to appoint their cronies and relatives to key government positions. Other races such as the Asian race are left struggling because they do not have the means of accessing government. Whites capture all major positions meaning that policies made will always favor them. Recently, the state of Arizona passed an immigration policy that sought to lock out other races from financial privileges. The white race would benefit because it has representatives in government. The federal government has been adamant because most affected members are not whites. Since whites are not affected, no representative of federal government will attempt to complain. Students have been affected because they are forced to stay without their parents. Their parents moved to other states without biased the immigration law. This shows that American character cannot be explained in terms of a single conflict. In the recent Arizona conflict, Mexicans are affected most because the state borders Mexico. Mexicans are said to be encroaching to American land although the truth is that they pose a security threat to some whites. Mexicans give whites a stiff competition, which have prompted the enactment immigration law in Arizona. Formation of class and subjugation of some members of society is another weakness of American character. There is a conflict between the owners of means of production and the poor. The poor produce goods that they do not consume. They produce goods for the market. The bourgeoisie have formu lated some policies that do not allow the worker to think about his/her future. Workers are forced to work hard in order to acquire basic needs. The bourgeoisie acquires the state and other important societal objects such as the media to influence the worker. The state does not come up with stern measures that can solve labor problems. Workers are alienated from their societal roles because of workload. Capitalistic society is a man eats man society because the rich uses the poor to enrich themselves. Workers are exploited to an extent that they are only left with time for exercising animal related activities such as eating, sleeping and procreating. Finally, there is a conflict between the youth and the aristocrats. Power is concentrated in the hands of the rich while the youth are left suffering. It is not surprising that people who have reached retirement age are still trusted with leadership in society while the young people are neglected. Politicians have been accused of using youths to enrich themselves politically. The old bourgeoisie is keen with the way he/she spends resources. The new bourgeoisie is liberal, something that does not go down well with the rich. This big conflict has threatened to divide America into two. Therefore, the author manages to explain the lives of foreigners in the US, as well as how they cope with the challenges. Works Cited Nguyen, Minh. Stealing Buddha’s Dinner. New York, NY: Penguin, 2008. Print. This book review on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The IBM Company Management of Information System

The IBM Company Management of Information System Introduction According to Hofstede’s five dimensional model regarding national or organizational culture namely â€Å"Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, Masculinity and Long Term Orientation† (2005), the emphasis indicates that performances and dimensional adversity of a company depends on its level of aggression. There is urgent need for any company to ensure it avoids blending differentiated values especially at the individual levels.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The IBM Company Management of Information System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is an organization culture? It is a programming done through thoughts as a combination of executable set of instructions and rules, which distinguishes member groups or one company from others. It is attributable to a collective phenomenon connected to different aspects and departments in the organization or firm for the purpose of gu idance through its undertakings. One acquires organization cultures from the social setting of a firm or organization. When a person changes the job, the organization culture also changes but only to certain levels because the concept following many structure rally behind the business standards, regulations or policies. The organization culture is not like the other cultures because it allows employees to practice their business undertakings through implementation of the set regulations. Methodology The report of IBM company setting adopt a methodology of critically analysis of the available or already existing literature based on performance and business transactions. Secondly is the re-examinations and study of the literature from experts observations regarding the topics especially those who are directly involved with the implementation into the business world. Good analysis involves companies that face high affects by the circumstances and are still in the market segments. E-com merce and its issues Today the designers of products, manufactures and, marketers are in different locations and often need to complete transactions through the net. Their information requires proper security for an effective collaboration. Many large companies such today have various engagements through the internet for the daily routines. Substantial investment on the security of information is therefore crucial as part of extending enterprises. The big companies invest heavily on the security compared to the smaller companies but the threats befall all the companies, arguably more sophisticated and disproportionate on smaller firms. The security risks entails, disruptions or delays especially on companies with extended enterprises. Other risks may include stolen patent laws, compromise of data integrity and others that are worse such as total loss and manipulation of information to gain profits.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most executives do not understand the viability of the information security and therefore the factors that drive the firms into the investment include; customer requests, government regulations and business policies or requirements. In the marketplace, some companies quantify the investment in information security as a competitive advantage because customers feel comfortable transacting in such firms. Information security/threats What are the benefits of investing in Information Security? Does the investment decrease the cost and risks? â€Å"The insurance companies, arbitrageurs and, financial trading firms manage risks by understanding the methodologies behind the risks experienced by the client firms.† (Schneier, 2009). A firm is able to quantify its value through evaluation of performance or in the course of comparison between the prospective projects and the pending work. The quantitative risk analysis s hows how the control adds value in a reputable and comparable manner. There are quite number of benefits for a firm that invests in information security. The ability to cope effectively with today’s computer threats such as computer viruses/worms, computer threats such as web hacking/breakings/defacement, internet disruptions and other cyber events is at the verge. Insecurity has caused the delivery of products in the virtual market complex and progressively slow since people want to countercheck the viability of a transaction before engaging in it. Threats or risks are all over the virtual transactions. By investing in security control measures, a company is able to safeguard its productivity. For instance, what amount of time employees spent surfing the net while they are supposed to be working on viable projects? How much productivity is lost due to downtime? The ability to monitor such events enables the business to prosper. Secondly, the company is able to control the da ta losses through investment on high backup solutions on the server. It is easy to get the better of cost of reworking through these backup solutions. It is very difficulty to quantify the amount of damages linked to data through malicious code. As a defence and counter measure process, it is important to note that having a good back up system enhances recovery (Easttom, 2006). It is equally very important for outsourced company to ensure proper backup less they suffer from cost related losses (Kerber, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The IBM Company Management of Information System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, system security saves the business proceedings from various performance hitches such as bleach of data or impacts on reputation. Although it is difficult to predict the value of Information Security, it is helpful and important for determine the business value especially when considering a n ew project. One would compare the amount of useful information available from an existing information security system. New technology Today it is eminent that the role of computers has a huge impact on every person. Computerisation has taken over majority of the societal or business roles and has greatly improved lives. The most advanced machines include the intelligent systems that have the ability to control other manual machines. According to Mathias et al (2007), today the manufacture industries such as IBM use computer procedures and information fed to the processing systems to give out the desired outputs. The computer systems are all designed differently and yet the experts are not in a position to be acquainted with all the involved details. The battle with technology is dynamic and a continuous process expected to bring about new challenges every day. This mainly influences on the marketing and advertising department in a very vibrant manner due to the stable anticipated cr eativity. The society is dependent of technology today and having the computers in the workplace, homes and mobility enable effectiveness, and efficiency required for better and all round businesses. The computers cuts down on the production costs and time since there is elimination on majority of the manual tasks involvement. The technology has advanced to a point where the graphical user and three dimension interfaces are on use. Unlike the earlier days when people had to produce everything practically, the computation skills have amazingly incorporated the touch, voice or click commands. The main aim of most companies is to embrace technological skills since they make human tasks easier to undertake without taking over their lives. Arguably, it is very hard for the intelligent systems to take over the society since the human beings makes and controls them with the aim of improving on the quality of life. It is difficult to over-throw the human intelligence and creativity. Today, inventiveness and resourcefulness especially in the business sectors such as use of internet enables resourceful communication and sharing of information. Although the tasks involving computation are expensive, especially the initial start up cost, the advancement engagements, the output as well as the input requirements makes the whole system cheaper and much easier or appreciative due to the quality and quantity of output.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business ethics and social issues Avoiding Uncertainties This aspect relates to the amount or level of stress or strain one maybe undergoing especially in a social setting where the future exhibits unknown possibilities. For instance, the technological changes of the company may pose a lot of strain and stress to the employees whose new requirements may entail retraining to keep to the standards. The employees therefore face competitive disadvantages from the well-trained and up-to-date prospective employees seeking considerations at similar positions. The uncertainty avoidance cannot be a close link to the business risk avoidance. It indicates the social tolerance over ambiguity. It is the determinant factor over the extent to which an employee can persevere comfortable or the uncomfortable job related or social situations in the employment setting. Some people will avoid organizational rules to minimize the unstructured circumstances such as unanticipated or unknown situations tha t are different from the norm. Research indicates that people in the uncertainty defiance conditions are usually emotional and their motivations emerge from personal inner nervousness. (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005) Other people accept the uncertainty and end up being more tolerant over opinions that are different of their expectations. These people are torrent to any organizational change and are willing to go by the organizational change regardless of their difference of opinion, thought or contempt. Individualism Employees working in a large company such as the IBM are bond by the collectivism or â€Å"group work†. At an individual level, employees have certain cultural regulations that loosen the ties between the groups. The dimensional difference in a company addresses the bond issue. Some social group may have strong integration probably due to their social bonds, generation links or loyalty. Masculinity vs. Feminism These are issues relating to the division between the gender related emotions. The subject takes rationality over individual attribute whereby the distribution of values ought to ensure parity as a fundamental and societal issue. The study of the IBM indicates that the feminine aspects have lower differences among various societies compared to the male values. Among the different countries where the IBM Company has branches, the male values are dominant in the line of assertiveness and competitiveness. On the other hand, women have almost similar values focusing on modesty and care. According to Hofstede and Hofstede (2005), the reference of assertiveness in the model is ‘Masculine’ while the modesty among females is ‘Femininity’. Although the issue may have, the social influences such that the competitive situations that changes the feminine perspective to narrow the gap. Sometimes the differences in the social cultures have deep-rooted values such as taboos that may also influence adversity especially among women. Business Strategy/initiative Today most companies such as the IBM have realized the key role of the HR departments. To increase profitability, the HR department should be the key business strategic planner through deployment of the technology such as the web-based analysis of economic factors influencing the business. Discovery of knowledge as the key resource for the department is the basis for the future predictions that HR management will necessitate for new and radical management strategies and practices. The field of information technology should replace firms’ important administrative tasks entitled to HR department today. The managers in the HR department should be the strategic business associates who ought to ensure the business gains from its planning strategies. According to Mathias et al, (2007) the HR management system should have the sole role of ensuring maximization of profit margins through enhanced quality and technology based on human management as a way of creating value to the organization The aspects of internetworking required for the HR management include intranet technology, electronic education for the clients as well as the employees, self-service for the client, gathering of the client’s response, reactions or comments virtually through surveys and electronic comments. Future Human Resources plans Inline with Daft and Marcic, (2008) the future implication and planning for technological advancement as a business strategy means advancement in employees’ productivity in the aim of general performance. During the integration of the information technology into business, the aim is to eventually manage and improve the customer’s relationship, manage the intelligence in the business setting, plan for the resources, manage people especially in terms of the knowledge, supply chain management, enhancement of electronic trade as well as and supporting decision making procedures (Daft and Marcic, 2008). Most b usinesses have attained majority of these aspects but the future expectations for IBM are that the system to be in a position of promoting all the requirements. Any future endeavours of IT related departments are to generate improved performance/effectiveness through reduction on cost but maximization of profit margins. (Mathias et al, 57) Today utilizing the available technology is inevitable, the question remain whether the companies are utilizing the technology in the right manner especially for the human resource departments. According to Daft and Marcic (2007), what lies ahead is a human resource department focused on a knowledge based economy, where the race remain between the rivalry companies over fast learning and flexible organization with the aim of taking the advantage over the already technologically acquainted markets. The technological advancement allows the companies to be in a position of collaborating and exchanging information over contraction or stockholding. Maj or future understanding of the IT integrated in the HR management entails definition of the intended and anticipated outcomes. The current increased usage of technology in the workplace shows that it is inevitable for the HR departments to adopt the web-based systems as a business initiative. Conclusion Today, recovering a business from a disaster is a common phenomenon in systems management. For many years, it has been a long and risky procedure for the overall business practice unless one used the business continuity arrangements to get extra information for carrying on the disaster recovery process. Management of information system can benefit IBM because of exposure to economical capabilities and availability of resources. The new management system entails outsourcing a disaster recovery team. This optimal procedure is mainly economical and outstanding. The IBM enjoys the advantages of availability of some standard backup procedures of storing information and other important ass ets. Incorporation of continuity or disaster recovery plans as necessary tools for backing-up management procedures allows IBM business policies to authorize compliance. Effective business continuity plan entails management sponsorship and, compliance with polices and procedures. The process is mainly dependent of corporate senior management in the firm. The complexity of businesses as highlighted by the human errors involves compliance measures to determine the critical need for the firm to overcome vulnerability to malfunctions. A good management system focuses on impact and risk analysis of the business. It is a direct contribution to business’s disaster recovery plan. The plan for business management system therefore gives support from all the firm’s departments through incorporation of policies as part of standard operating procedures, to measure the competencies of these functional areas. References Daft, R .L, Marcic, D., 2008. Understanding Management. Kentuck y: KY. Cengage Learning Publishers Easttom, C., 2006. Network Defense and counter measures principles and practices: Security Series. Pearson Prentice Hall Hofstede, G., and Hofstede, G.J., 2005. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. (Second Edition). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Kerber, R., 2007. Cost of Data Breach at TJX sours to $256m. [online]. Available at from  https://www.boston.com/ Mathis, R, L., Jackson, J. H., and Elliott, T. L., 2007. Human Resource Management. Thomson Southwestern Publishers Schneier, B., 2009. Security ROI Fact and Fiction. [online]. Available at https://www.schneier.com/

Examples of Legends in Literary Texts

Examples of Legends in Literary Texts A  legend is  a  narrative - often handed down from the past - that is used to explain an event, transmit a lesson, or simply entertain an audience. Though customarily told as true stories, legends often contain supernatural, bizarre, or highly improbable elements. Types of legends include folk legends and urban legends. Some of the worlds most famous legends survive as literary texts, such as Homers Odyssey and  Chrà ©tien de Troyes tales of King Arthur. Folktales and Legends Although folktales and legends are both important genres of orally told narrative, in many ways they are decidedly different. As folklorists use the term, folktales are fictional stories; that is, they are regarded as fictions by those who tell and listen to them...Legends, on the other hand, are true narratives;  that is, they are regarded by their tellers and listeners as recounting events that actually took place, although to say so is an oversimplification....Legends are historical accounts  (such as the account of Daniel Boones encounters with Indians); or they are sorts of news accounts (as with contemporary or urban legends in which, for example, it is asserted that a madman with a hook arm recently attacked parked teenagers somewhere nearby); or they are attempts to discuss human interactions with other worlds, whether in the present day or in the past...However, in the social contexts in which legends  are told, attitudes toward the veracity of any given narrative may differ; some people may accept its truth, others may deny it, still others may keep an open mind but not commit themselves. (Frank de Caro, Introduction to  An Anthology of American Folktales and Legends.  Routledge, 2015) How Have Legends Appeared in Literary Texts? One of the worlds most famous legends is the story of Icarus, the son of a craftsman in ancient Greece. Icarus and his father attempted to escape from an island by making wings out of feathers and wax. Against his fathers warning, Icarus flew too close to the sun. His wings melted, and he plunged into the sea. This story was immortalized in Breughels painting Landscape With the Fall of Icarus, which W. H. Auden wrote about in his poem Musee des Beaux Arts. In Breughels Icarus, for instance: how everything turns awayQuite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman mayHave heard the splash, the forsaken cry,But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shoneAs it had to on the white legs disappearing into the greenWater, and the expensive delicate ship that must have seenSomething amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.(From Musee des Beaux Arts by W. H. Auden, 1938) As stories handed down from the past, legends are often revised by each subsequent generation. The first stories of King Arthur, for example, were recorded in Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae  (History of the Kings of Britain), which was written in the 12th century. More elaborate versions of these stories later appeared in the long poems of  Chrà ©tien de Troyes. By several hundred years later, the legend was so popular that it became the subject of parody in Mark Twains humorous 1889 novel  A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court.

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream Essay

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream - Essay Example However, there is also an image in the poem that shows the father’s love for his son. My own dad is a tough father but he also loves me too. The father in "My Father Teaches Me to Dream'' is a tough father, and this displayed in a variety of images. For example, the rhythm of the poem has an ordering rhythm. The father tells his son what to do and what not to do. In addition, n lines such as "You get up. You get on the bus," "You don't look from side to side," and "You keep your eyes straight ahead'' show that the father didn't allow his son any space to think or to be creative. Also, in the line en he said "You get off the bus. You work all day," the father shows his son how tough the world is he doesn’t allowgive any time for leisure time. Furthermore, the father broke his son’s heart when he said "All other stuff you're looking for—it ain't there." This line deprived the son of the last drop of hope that he was hanging on. Also, the father told his son to be very precise and not to do any more than what he is told to do. This kills creativity in the son; it will not make him creative and he will likely grow up to becomes him an average man. The last line of the poem, â€Å"Work is work,† is quite simply yet it shows something of the father’s personality or background. ... This might not actually be the personality that the father has, but this is what is portrayed in the poem. However, despite the toughness that the father displays towards his son, he also shows his son some love in this poem. For example, the line "That way nobody will bothers you—see?" shows how the father does care about his son because he does not want anybody to bother him or make him feel uncomfortable. This is the true value of a father because any father should show so much concern for their son that they would want them to live a life free of trouble. Also, the line "There's no handouts in this life" could be explained as the father caring about his son; he is just trying to teach him that he has to work for everything that he wants in this life because no one will give him any freebies. While this could be perceived as mean, this is just a harsh reality of life and the sooner that we get used to it the quicker we can do something with our lives. Furthermore, when the father said "You do the same thing again," it could mean that if you are trying to work hard to accomplish a dream and it does not happen right away, it does not mean that you should stop; you should keep trying until you finally reach your dream. This could be seen as the father wanting a boring life for his son, but all he wants is for his son to find a successful formula in life and stick to it. This way, the son will always be pleased with his life and he should hopefully pass this important piece of advice onto his son. This line shows how the father wants his son to reach his dream and also that he did not envy him. The father wants his son to still have an opportunity to reach his

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Research Paper

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Prison - Research Paper Example In recent years there has been a problem in the United States of the prison population rapidly growing, which has been causing financial problems as well as issues with finding the space to incarcerate the criminals . As a consequence, there has been a trend towards probation and parole as methods of getting criminals out of prison earlier and back in society. In addition to reducing prison population, it is thought that this may also help the individuals to successfully rehabilitate into society, reducing their rate of recidivism. Although studies indicate that the success of probation and parole may be limited, the process nevertheless appears to be effective for some individuals, and there are processes that can be undertaken to increase this effectiveness. Prevalence of Probation/Parole Parole and probation are widely used as means of justice, and these are often considered to be community corrections. Probation is part of the sentence that is initially handed from the judge when following a trial. It can occur in addition to or instead of time in prison. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released from prison after serving all or a part of his sentence. In both cases the individual is under a set of conditions, such as they are not allowed t associate with certain individuals, cannot commit crimes or visit certain locations. If the individual breaks these conditions, then they are subject to imprisonment. In many cases the offender’s attendance to these conditions is determined by their supervision by a parole or probation officer. The number of individuals under community correction at any given time is high, much higher than that of the prison population. For example, in 2003, there were around 2.1 million adults incarcerated, but approximately 4.8 million undergoing either parole or probation . These numbers were not unique to that year, but instead represent the general trend . There is no unified system for probation and parole acros s states. Instead each state has their own guidelines and laws surrounding the circumstances in which criminals are eligible, the length, restrictions that are placed on the individual and other factors . Because of this, the manner in which individual supervisors treat those they are in charge of differs significantly between different people, cities and states . The recent changes in sentencing laws have resulted in an increase in the number of people who are receiving community corrections . It is likely that any solution to the problem of high numbers of incarcerated inmates will result in increases to the number of people under probation and parole . This will result in an increased workload for those involved in supervision of offenders. The power of officers has increased significantly in recent times. Currently many parole and probation officers are able to carry weapons, as well as administer drug tests to determine whether the offender is remaining drug free . Effectivenes s One of the key roles of probation and parole is to reduce the rate of criminals reoffending. This is an important issue, as more than two thirds of released prisoners have been found to reoffend within three years of their release . Studies have shown that while probation and parole can be effective as a method of sentencing for many individuals, the rate of recidivism remains very high . One factor that limits the effectiveness of probation is the fact that a large number of people on probation and par

GeoStrategic Importance of Pakistan

GeoStrategic Importance of Pakistan Geo- Strategic means importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. Geo political is defined as, stressing the influence of geographic factors on the state power, international conduct and advantages it derives from its location. Pakistan is located at a region which has a great economic, political and strategic location. It has been the hub of great activities for the past twenty years. Stephen Cohn describes this importance While history has been unkind to Pakistan, its geography has been its greatest benefit. It has resource rich area in the north-west, people rich in the north-east. Pakistan is a junction of South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, a way from resource efficient countries to resource deficient countries. The world is facing energy crisis and terrorism. Pakistan is a route for transportation, and a front line state against terrorism. Pakistan has witnessed the intervention of three great powers Britons, U.S.S.R and U.S. Its significance is further enhanced during the cold war when it became the alley of the U.S policy of containment of U.S.S.R and now the post cold war era has witnessed its significance politically after the event of 9/11. Pakistans Geographical Location: Pakistan is located in southern Asia. It is located between 24 and 36.5 Northern latitude and between 61 and 75.5 eastern latitude. The area of Pakistan is estimated at 803,940 square kilometers. Pakistan is the bridge between South Asia and South West Asia. Towards the North western part of Pakistan there lies Afghanistan. Pakistans boundary with Afghanistan is about 2,250 kilometers long. In the north, it runs along the ridges of the Hindu Kush (meaning Hindu Killer) mountains and the Pamirs, where a narrow strip of Afghan territory called the Wakhan Corridor extends between Pakistan and Tajikistan. This strip is about 16 to 25 kilometers long. The boundary line between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called Durand Line and it was drawn by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1893 and he was the foreign sectary of British India and was acceded to by the ameer of Afghanistan that same year. It was not in doubt when Pakistan became independent in 1947, although its legitimacy was in later years disputed periodically by the Afghan government as well as by Pakhtun tribes straddling the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. On the one hand, Afghanistan claimed that the Durand Line had been imposed by a stronger power upon a weaker one, and it favored the establishmen t of still another state to be called Pashtunistan or Pakhtunistan. On the other hand, Pakistan, as the legatee of the British in the region, insisted on the legality and permanence of the boundary. The Durand Line remained in effect in 1994. In the northeastern tip of the country, Pakistan controls about 84,159 square kilometers of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. This area, consisting of Azad Kashmir (11,639 square kilometers) and most of the Northern Areas (72,520 square kilometers), which includes Gilgit and Baltistan, is the most visually stunning of Pakistan. The Northern Areas has five of the worlds seventeen highest mountains. It also has such extensive glaciers that it has sometimes been called the third pole. The boundary line has been a matter of pivotal dispute between Pakistan and India since 1947, and the Siachen Glacier in northern Kashmir has been an important arena for fighting between the two sides since 1984, although far more soldiers have died of exposure to the cold than from any skirmishes in the conflict. From the eastern end of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, a boundary of about 520 kilometers runs generally southeast between China and Pakistan, ending near the Karakoram Pass. This line was determined from 1961 to 1965 in a series of agreements between China and Pakistan. By mutual agreement, a new boundary treaty is to be negotiated between China and Pakistan when the dispute over Kashmir is finally resolved between India and Pakistan. The India-Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is the international boundary between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat from provinces of Punjab and Sindh. Pakistan borders India in the East. The border resulted from the Partition of India in 1947. The Line of Control (L.O.C) separates The Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistan administered Azad Kashmir. Wagah, the ceremonial point of crossing between India and Pakistan lies along this border between the Indian city of Amritsar and the Pakistani city of Lahore, and is within close distance of both cities urban sprwal. The boundary with Iran, some 800 kilometers in length, was first delimited by a British commission in 1893, separating Iran from what was then British Indian Balochistan. In 1957 Pakistan signed a frontier agreement with Iran, and since then the border between the two countries has not been a subject of serious dispute. To the South of Pakistan , Arabian sea and Indian ocean are located. The costal belt of Pakistan is about 700 kilometer. Pakistan significance is enhanced as it located near the Persian Gulf from where 65% oil of the world is produced. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 500 BC , one of the worlds first great civilizations began to develop in the Indus Valley in what is now Pakistan.Ruin of Harrapa and Mhenjo- Daro , were the two major cities of the civilization, show that both were large and well planned. By about 1700 BC, the Indus Valley civilization had disappeared. Experts dont know why it collapsed. During the next several thousand years, many people from southwest and Central Asia came into the region that is now Pakistan. About 1500 BC, a Central Asian people called Aryans came through the mountains passes to the Punjab region. In time, they settled across almost all of india. The Persians conquered the Punjab during the 500 BC and made it part of the huge Achmenid empire. In 236BC, Alexander the great took control of most of what is now Pakistan, a few years later, the emperor Chandra Gupta Mauriya made the region, part of Mauriyan empire. The Mauriyan Empire began to break up about 230BC. Greeks from the independent state of Bacteria in Central Asia then invaded the Indus valley, they established kingdom with capitals near the present day cities of Peshawar and Rawalpindi. About 100BC Scythians from Afghanistan came into Baluchistan and Sindh. In time they conquered the Indus region. The Parthian, who in turn was conquered by the Kushans of Central Asia, replaced Afghans. The Kushans ruled what is now Afghan. Pakistan and northwest India from about AD 50 mid 200s. They controlled the trade routes from China to India and the Middle East, Peshawar, the kushan capital, became the major commercial center. During the mid 300 the Indus valley become part of the Gupta Empire which had expanded westward from northeastern India, Huns from Central Asia conquered the empire in mid 400s. The coming of Islam, In AD 711,Arabs Muslims sailed across the Arabian sea and invaded Sindh bringing Islam to the region, Beginning about AD 1000 Turkish Muslim invaded Northern Pakistan from Iran. The Turkish ruler Mehmood of Ghazni established a Muslim kingdom that in time including the entire Indus Valley. Lahore become the capital of the kingdom and developed into a major entre of Muslim culture. In 1206, most of what is now Pakistan became part of the Delhi Sultanat, a Muslim empire that included Northern India. The Delhi Sultanat lasted until 1526, when Babar a Muslim ruler from Afghanistan, invaded India and established the Mughul Empire. By far Sher Shahs greatest legacy is the modern Grand Trunk road which ran from Bengal to Attock, however some claim it ran right up to Kabul. Along the way Baulis and Sarais were constructed which are the equivalent of Modern day Service stations. Some 450 years later, an incompetent ruler of Modern Pakistan also fancied going down in History as Sher Shah Suri. The result, a road though one of the best in the world but a white elephant for the Pakistani Nation.

American Folk Art

Visiting the four on-line sites devoted to â€Å"Gilded Lions and Jewelled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel† helped me to enhance my knowledge of Jewish woodcarvers art, and I was also provided with excellent opportunity to explore the works of American and European artists. I found out that American art has contributed developing of distinct Jewish culture within American boundaries. The works of art presented at the sites are really exuberant and refine as they reflect the history of transformation and, what is more important, of survival of cultural heritage.The exhibitions presented amounts more than one hundred works and objects, as well as documentary photographs of synagogue arks and carved gravestones, carousel animals and sacred carvings. I learned that Jewish immigrants had to struggle to balance their observant life with reality as it was difficult for them to adjust to new environment. Nevertheless, the most interested information I learned is about the histor y of carousels and carousel animals – lions and horses.My favorite image (see picture) is a standing horse with jeweled trappings made by Marcus Charles Illions. The horse is wooden, painted and decorated with glass eyes and jewels. Illions is known to create the most animated carousel animas and his horses seemed exhausted from their eternal gallop tempers. The horses were often entailed with wild eyes and they were flying in the air. Carousels gained popularity in American and one of the possible reasons is that they were designed by diverse generation of immigrants who added distinct features to horses and lions.The carousel industry flourished in urban centers of New York and Philadelphia as those regions were characterized by mass immigration from countries with strong carving traditions. Mostly, carousel animals were designed by Italians, Germans and Eastern Europeans. Works Cited http://www. folkartmuseum. org/default. asp? id=1869 http://www. gildedlions. org/ http:// www. gildedlions. org/carousels. html http://www. gildedlions. org/welcome. html