Democracy And Democratic Education Education Essay

IntroductionWhen I worked in the Affiliated High School of National Chengchi University and watched the Forest School and The Seeding Experimental School in Taiwan, I found that in their particular obtaining environment, the students can accept and move all the more innovatively and basically. We can ever observe their originative stocks in the grounds, for example, refrain structures, postings, pictures and sculptures. Moreover, the schools are brimming with opportunity, respect, trust and handle, it is entirely expected to see their understudies precipitously singing and moving in grounds. Because of these intriguing discoveries, I began to ask myself a request: ‘are there any associations between the vote based feel and the understudy ‘s imagination? ‘ Further, ‘to what degree can the fair assault to instruction bolster progressively originative obtaining? ‘ I later looked for the writing about the two builds ; as a result, I discovered some significa nt data about the associations between popularity based guidance and innovativeness. In any case, it is uncommon to see the surveies that are straight look intoing the associations between the two instructive assaults ( vote based guidance and originative guidance ) , the thought process to carry on this study has henceforth risen. So as to go to the issue, this exposition is intended to premier research the idea of popular government, law based guidance, thus imagination and originative guidance. In the wake of exploring those develops, this overview goes to investigate the associations between vote based guidance and originative guidance, other than answering the request that ‘how can a majority rule assault to instruction bolster progressively originative procurement? ‘ This paper is sorted out into the undermentioned three developments: the main region examines majority rule government and just guidance, though the second high spots the builds of imagination and originative guidance. In the third bit, I mainly use Rhodes ( 1961 ) Four Ps Model ( Person, Place, Process and Products ) of imagination to break down/contrast the two sorts of assaults with guidance, supplementing with a treatment of two fair schools in Taiwan †the Forest School and the Seeding Experimental School.Democracy and De mocratic Education‘Two advancements of grown-up male should absolutely be seen as the most hard: the craft of specialists and the specialty of guidance ‘ †Immanuel Kant, Kant on Education ( Ueber Padagogik ) Translated by Annette Churton ( 1992, p.12 ) Majority rules system can be applied to numerous specific circumstances, from barely political situation to freely close to home life. In political degree, Danziger ( 1998 ) expressed that popular government is the pioneer of a state who is chosen by every single qualified resident, as echt alternatives to do some political conclusions for the people. Vanhannen ( 1997 ) further contended that as a political signifier, vote based society should hold various gatherings or gatherings each piece viing for power, each piece great as to be mindful to the individuals, through the way of decisions. John Calhoun ( summarized by Roper 1989 ) other than referenced that majority rule government itself is non a mass guideline yet stand foring the open contributions and simultaneously perceiving the minorities. On the different manus, sing vote based system as a feature of life, Dewey ( 1916 ) expressed that ‘Democracy is in excess of a signifier of specialists: it is essentially a way of re lated life, a conjoint imparted experience ‘ . It is simply to express that vote based system can be viewed as a directing force for a state, and all the individuals can fall in for doing its corporate associations. In a similar way, holding the rights to do conclusions would perchance affect their lives each piece great. Sing popularity based guidance ( in the future DE ) , it is accepted that to set up, keep and create of a law based society, residents ‘ commitment is required, and taking to make this end residents ought to be furnished with the comprehension and subsequently comprehend the estimations of majority rule government, and guidance has ever been viewed as a decent mode. John Dewey, the male parent of dynamic guidance, put DE the premiss of his work in the mid twentieth century, as he guaranteed that so as to propel an express that truly esteemed vote based standards, the entirety of its residents must be enabled to indict in a vote based talk. Greene ( 1995 ) referenced in the book ‘Releasing the Imagination ‘ , recommending that the impression of guidance is to connect with others, empowering individuals to grow high caliber of fair practices and to be informative in their social orders. Nussbaum ( 1997 ) expressed that individuals ought to be antiphonal to others so a s to raise their majority rule accomplishments as residents. Accordingly guidance and tutoring, so as to encourage future residents the feeling of vote based system, is taking an of import work ( Dewey 1916 ; Gutmann, 1987 ; 1999 ) . In the inclination of organizing DE, many have endeavored to do clear definition and happen its inserted perspectives. Since DE is brimming with pluralism and unpredictability, after a long contention all through the past decennaries, an all around concurred definition has non been reached. Notwithstanding, I found that DE acquires the greater part of the attributes of democracy[ 1 ]and have been referenced perpetually, including a. opportunity of pick, b. equivalent course, c. mutual obligation, d. respect and trust, and e. understudy focused procurement. Sing the understandings made by DE related organizations, the thirteenth International Democratic Education Conference ( IDEC ) in Berlin 2005, obviously expressed their comprehension on DE that ‘in any instructive scene, juvenile individuals have the right: 1. to decide independently how, when, what, where and with whom they learn, and 2. to hold an equivalent bit in the dynamic concerning how their organizations †in exceptional their schools †are run, and which guidelines and faces, assuming any, are essential ( www.idec2005.org ) . ‘ On the different manus, the European Democratic Education Community ( EUDEC ) expressed that DE is ‘self-decided larning ‘ and ‘a larning network dependent on correspondence and regular respect ‘ ( www.eudec.org, 2012 ) . As the feature of correspondence, at the end of the day, equivalent dish, the guidance for low classification of the general public did non have open joining in and go something for the Commonwealth until the nineteenth century, when Leo Tolstoy established a school: simply for the laborer kids, where understudies are permitted to decide whether to come to class or tune in to the teachers ( trans. Leo Wiener, 1967 ) . Sing the finishing up aspect of understudy focused securing, Moswela ( 2010 ) brought up that it is a decent way of democratizing their school and schoolroom procurement: ‘placing the students in the Center of learning encapsulates the standard of majority rules system ‘ . Learning is important when subjects are pertinent to the understudies ‘ inclusions, the idea that students can take what and how to investigate is that just when they have rationale, they can effectively assemble their ain discernment. Some fundamental law based encounters are signif icant in back uping students to show their thoughts and considerations Democratic assault empowers understudies to discover their way of lives and requests, which ought to be viewed each piece allowed as a plan of guidance. So as to execute these considerations, the law based schools have been built up in more than 30 states. The UK has for quite some time been viewed as the pioneer of majority rule tutoring, it is irrefutable that the most punctual fair school that we have known, and still be, is Summerhill School.[ 2 ]It was established in Germany in 1921, and moved to England hence on. The laminitis is A. S. Neill, a Scots educator, who has composed a few books about the subject of vote based system and just guidance, for example, That Dreadful School ( 1937 ) , and Hearts Not Heads in the School ( 1945 ) . Truth be told, a large portion of his books have later affected huge numbers of the majority rule schools established in this way on. The school count as a majority rule network, which implies that the running of the school is led in the school gatherings that each individual in this school are accessible to go to each piece great as to decide in favor of the issues they tended to in the gathering s. Sudbury Valley School, on the different manus, is another kind of vote based school that established in the United States in 1968, which has been the hypothetical record for a figure of Sudbury schools freely around the universe. The hypothetical record has three essential authoritative opinions: a. instructive opportunity b. vote based organization, and c. individual obligation. Understudies are permitted openly to set up their procurement plan, they accept that larning ought to be an individual endeavor that dependent on single contributions, however non important to be experienced through classs or standard course of study ( hypertext move convention:/www.sudval.org/index.html ) . In drumhead, there are different sorts of meanings of majority rules system and DE, by the by, five subjects have been seen as basic to the two builds, including a. opportunity of pick, b. equivalent course, c. common obligation and d. respect and trust. Furthermore, it ought to be noticed that all the components can loan to a more understudy focused acquisition.Creativity and Creative EducationAlbert Einstein one time said that ‘Creativity is knowledge holding cheer ‘ , it is accepted that imagination is something rather retaining and realistic, something kids ain since the extremely initial twenty-four hours they were conceived. ‘All kids are innovative people. The activity is the manner by which to remain an inventive individual one time he grows up. ‘ , said Pablo Picasso. Albeit numerous inventive people, writers and bookmans supported the significance of imagination, it is as yet a rather tricky one to trap down for look into laborers. Imagination, like majority rules system, is brimming with pluralism and unpredictability ; henceforth, on the grounds that it is profoundly ha

20 Synonyms for Ghost

20 Synonyms for Ghost 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† By Mark Nichol Phantom summons a picture of a visual yet ethereal portrayal of an individual, however not all apparitions are indistinguishable, and like apparition, the greater part of its equivalent words likewise have meanings that apply to the regular, significant world. Here are twenty of those terms, with references to their characteristic meanings just as powerful ones: 1. specter: a spooky figure, or a sight that is sudden or abnormal 2. intruder (or bogie or intruder): interchangeable with apparition and soul, yet additionally something that prompts dread or fear; by augmentation, a unidentified airplane, particularly an adversary warplane (likewise the wellspring of the term bogeyman regularly spelled boogeyman alluding to a beast whose name is conjured by guardians or different grown-ups to alarm youngsters into acquiescence 3. banshee: a female soul whose appearance or moaning cry forecasts passing 4. bogle: equal with phantom (the word from which intruder and its variations were determined) 5. eidolon: interchangeable with ghost, yet additionally alludes to a model or perfect 6. recognizable (or natural soul): a soul that takes creature structure and secures or serves an individual, particularly a witch (likewise alludes to fragile living creature and-blood figures, including a friend or other notable individual or an individual seen often in a particular spot or when all is said in done, a family unit orderly for a significant authority, or someone who knows a subject well 7. frequent (or hant): interchangeable with apparition; likewise, a frequented area, or, as an action word, to visit or return or repeat regularly, or to inconvenience, or to occupy or visit (said of a phantom) 8. emergence: interchangeable with specter 9. ghost (or fantasm): interchangeable with phantom; additionally, a hallucination or result of the creative mind, or a psychological picture of a physical article 10. ghost: interchangeable with specter, yet other non-literal faculties incorporate something that is tricky or that has no physical structure, including a portrayal, or something that summons fear 11. phantom: a loud, underhanded apparition 12. conceal: a soul, or a transitory or stunning appearance, notwithstanding the standard implications related with the clouding of light 13. shadow: interchangeable with nebulous vision, notwithstanding exacting and allegorical faculties in regards to halfway haziness 14. apparition (or phantom): a noticeable phantom; additionally alludes metaphorically to some danger or unavoidable unsettling influence, for example, the danger of starvation or war 15. soul: an apparition that might possibly be noticeable, or a being equipped for having an individual; likewise, an energizing power, a heavenly being, or a trademark quality or temper 16. frighten: equivalent with ghost, yet in addition slang alluding to a government operative 17. sprite: equal with phantom, however more regularly interchangeable with mythical being or pixie or used to allude to an elflike individual 18. vision: an extraordinary appearance, a bit much of a similar figure, that uncovers something to the watcher, notwithstanding undertones related with sight just as creative mind 19. visitant: a guest from a soul domain; additionally, a genuine guest 20. phantom: equivalent with apparition, yet in addition has the feeling of a portrayal of a living individual that appears to another not long before that person’s passing; likewise, similar to shadow, alludes to a remainder, both of someone or something Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the General classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BE20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Make Your Staycation Truly Relaxing

Make Your Staycation Truly Relaxing Stress Management Situational Stress Print How to Make Sure You Have a Relaxing Staycation By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 23, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress A staycation, a vacation you take at home, can be a wonderful alternative to a long, expensive, painstakingly-planned tripâ€"the time and money you can save are significant. However, if you don’t take certain precautions, your staycation can be little more than a stressful extension of everything you need a break from. Tips for Having a Super Staycation These staycation strategies can assure that your staycation is truly a relaxing romp rather than a wasted week. Turn off the Phone This sounds obvious, but the point of a staycation is to have a vacation, and the point of a vacation is to get away from the demands of your regular life. To truly do so, you need to stop being on call and set your phone to go straight to voicemail. You can check your messages each night if you want to and decide who you want to call back, but it may be a good idea to tell everyone you won’t be around for a week and just take a break. While you’re at it, why not put your mail on hold and any other similar steps you’d take when you go on a traditional vacation? Turn off the Computer While many, many people make the mistake of taking work with them when they go on vacation, a strategy that tends to sabotage the relaxing element of a trip, it’s even more important to avoid being available for work when you’re on a staycation. It may be more tempting to check in at work if youre at home, and they may feel more entitled to request it of you, which is all the more reason for the computer to stay off. Even if you’re not planning to work on your computer, do you really think a week of playing World of Warcraft or Weboggle would be as relaxing and memorable as other options you have? Try Something New Staycations mean you can play hometown tourists and enjoy the fun things that your city or surrounding areas have to offer, which you normally might not go out of your way to experience. An added benefit of going to the touristy places in your area is that when you pass by these places after your staycation is over, your fond memories will be triggered and you can relive the fun. You may also be more inclined to do such fun things during the rest of the year when you’re not vacationing, which might provide a nice little escape that can help stave off burnout. But Don’t Overbook Yourself As you indulge in the fun that your town has to offer, remember to schedule in some downtime to read, relax, sleep in, lollygag, and do all the things people really like to do on traditional vacations. Fun and Relaxation The idea of a staycation is to feel like you’ve had a break, so be sure you get one by adding in time for rest. Just balance it out with fun activities, too. Don’t Be Afraid to Splurge Because you’re saving money by staying close to home, you can (and should) eat meals out and splurge in other areas, just like you would on a traditional vacation. If you want to go to brunch, get a massage, go shopping, or even hire a cleaning service to come if you don’t already have one (you’d get maid service in a hotel, right?), you should do so guiltlessly if you can afford to. It contributes to the carefree mindset you’re trying to capture with your staycation. Splurging makes all the difference between a staycation and just a week hanging around the house.

Should There be a Capital Punishment in Kazakhstan

Capital punishment or execution is the legal process of putting a person to death as a punishment for committed crime. The death penalty is legal in many countries as Iran, USA, China, India and Sudan. However, other countries, including Kazakhstan, find it cruel and violent. This essay indicates are there more benefits or drawbacks in using capital punishment in Kazakhstan. This research will begin by evaluating the social factors of capital punishment then it will proceed to investigate the economic factors. In the process it will be highlighted that the advantages of capital punishment predominates disadvantages. First of all, some deputies of Kazakhstan government demanded to cancel the moratorium on the death penalty because we often hear and see in the media about hard killings of rape. Therefore people want to reduce the number of cruel humans. For example, Deputy of the Majilis Vladislav Kosarev believes that capital punishment should be applied to terrorists and murderers. He also noted that the faction of the Communists against the humanization of criminal legislation (Rustam Omarov). So, some people want to people who have committed violent crimes should die and it supports by deputy of the Majilis. 1. Society is helped and supported by Capital punishment as it lowers the crime rate. Although it is evident that the death penalty may infringe on some human rights due to the inhumane methods, Saudi Arabia continues to conduct public beheadings to whichShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The End Of The Death Penalty1669 Words   |  7 Pages Adarian Dunmeyer December, 2014 Research Paper Dr. Roise Capital Punishment: â€Å"The End of the Death Penalty† Abstract The paper will consist of explaining why the Death Penalty is wrong. It will take a look at the history of the Death Penalty, how it is viewed today, and the different methods of execution. 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Depression in the Bible - 1331 Words

Depression is defined as, â€Å"a mood disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty with thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide† (Merriam Webster). A close friend of mine battles depression and would describe it is, â€Å"a debilitating mood that makes it hard to get out of the bed in the morning, a desire to sleep all the time, inability to experience joy, and apathy towards life.† Due to its prevalent occurrence among several people groups throughout history, depression is known as the â€Å"common cold of mental illnesses† and has been called â€Å"the most widespread, serious,†¦show more content†¦Another imbalance that often causes biological depression is amine imbalance. Amines are the neurotransmitters that float in the synapse between two nerve cells in the brain (S mith 3). The key amines are serotonin and norepinephrine. When there is a decrease in the levels of these neurotransmitters, depression often occurs. Biological depression is as common among Christians just as it is common among the general population. However, it often goes undiagnosed due to dissenting views held by many Christians regarding the causes of depression. Many in the church believe depression is just â€Å"all in the head.† They believe it should be easily cured with a bible verse and slapping on a smile. In most cases, it is just â€Å"all in the head.† Although for someone with biological depression, a cure does not always come so simply. Many Christians adhere to beliefs regarding depression such as: 1. Depression is always the result of unconfessed sin. 2. Depression is always the result of lack of faith in God. 3. Depression can always be removed by spiritual exercises such as prayer and fasting. 4. Depression can be removed by making a choice to be happy (Smith 5). 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Individuality to Group Identity Free Essays

string(82) " people are scared to be racist and that within itself produces a form of racism\." Identity is a very difficult idea to grasp. There are an abundant amount of definitions and views for the individual to make sense of. Identity is strictly a self-image derived from patterns of behavior seen in society and attributing characteristics to one’s self, based on similarities or differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Individuality to Group Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those similarities or differences could be based on upbringing, physical attributes, goals, or interests. A group then becomes a set of individuals who believe they practically have the same identity.The group brings in thoughts and analysis on how other groups coincide with each other and if other groups share certain interests. Politically, individuals have been able to identify themselves through candidates and elected officials as their personal representation based on their self-given identity. Those who find themselves sharing the same views as certain individuals further solidifies the concept of the group. A political ideology is a collection of ideas and often times is shared by those of a specific group and is used to advance that group in the direction that will support individuals of that group.There are many groups that are the basis of political ideologies; many based on gender, race, social status, economic standing, or any combinations of those. Surveys show that there are noticeable trends in decisions made and viewpoints that correlate with groups. In today’s society these same groups have and continue to impact decisions that are made. As years pass and the world changes, some groups are separating because of altered views and other groups are forming because of the same reasons. In 2010, this concept of group identity is vastly utilized to gain the appeal that will contribute to the campaign of different candidates.For example, in the past when Barack Obama has spoken in front of predominantly African-American crowds his demeanor has not always been the same when speaking in front of white American crowds. Often times when Obama has chosen to speak in front of black Americans, he has not shied away from choosing places like a barbershop or a church, while in front of masses that would be predominantly white, the settings have more likely been big assembly halls. Additionally, many politicians when speaking in California have made an attempt to use their few words of Spanish, or in New Orleans it is not uncommon if they reference jazz or gumbo.These are models of how many political figures have tapped into group identity to gain appeal. Furthermore, if a multitude of people in a group are in support of a politician, others in that same group are more easily influenced to think the same way. Not only do political figures use group identities to achieve goals, but so do the individual groups themselves. They have not done so by trying to appeal to other groups, but instead have found ways to acquire recognition.Through that recognition they have set strides on gaining respect and with that respect have questioned the morality of the other groups, so that hopefully their major concerns can be addressed. Groups such as LGBT, Hispanics, and African Americans have been able to have their specific issues attended to by making their voices heard. For instance, In March of 2006 500,000 Hispanics marched in the city of Los Angeles to help â€Å"mobilize hundreds of thousands of people against HR 4437, introduced by Wisconsin Republican James Sensenbrenner, and approved Dec. 16 by the House of Representatives in a vote of 239 to 182. An LGBT march in October of 1987 known as the â€Å"Great March,† set an exceptional platform for which the opinions of LGBT could be heard. The fact that the disapproval of gay marriages went from 42% in 1999 to 28% in 2006 demonstrates that these move ments based on group identities have been effective. In 2010 the concept of group identity is used to make the same type of impacts. When it comes to African Americans using group identity, there is much debate on whether the group identity is effective or if it takes away from the progress blacks have made in America.African American group identity is a very complex part of society. Historically it originated with the transport of African natives to America. The treatment of African Americans and their descendents enabled them to identify with one another. Physical attributes such as skin color, hair, facial expressions, and tone of voice set the basis of much hatred and discrimination. Many people recognized themselves as those who fit in those categories and reached to each other for companionship and comfort. As the number of people who found themselves in the same situation increased, a group formed.In that group cultures formed. Common interests, music, style, cooking, and attitudes towards subjects were adapted and shared throughout. A political ideology was formed based on history and culture which led to the promotion of equality becoming the most important goal. With the use of a group identity African Americans have had the most success in reaching strides to attain goals. The idea that 50 years ago, many schools were not integrated, but now in 2010 all forms of segregation and discrimination based on race are illegal, explains how much progress has been made.There is a debate on whether the group identity is still a relevant concept for African Americans to address public policy forms of institutional racism. A poll was taken in 2008 revealing that â€Å"nearly 56 per cent of African-Americans believe that leaders in the government care very little about blacks. † It is understandable why some people believe racism is no longer a factor, since racism has become a â€Å"closed door, under the table issue,† people might have not had to experiences where race was a serious matter. For those who have been victims of racism or have seen victimization of racism, they most likely believe racism is prevalent.Racism has very much shaped American society. In the early 1900’s citizens were very open about the issue. Now people are scared to be racist and that within itself produces a form of racism. You read "Individuality to Group Identity" in category "Papers" â€Å"Often, white people like myself don’t want to talk about it, don’t want to face it, don’t want to get outside of their skins and get into somebody else’s skin,† said Phyllis Watt s. History is showing that as time advances, the public’s opinion as a whole on racism’s prevalence decreases. â€Å"A 1997 nationwide Gallup Poll found 76 percent of whites thought African Americans were treated the same as whites.However, only 49 percent of African Americans agreed. In, 1998 a nationwide poll by the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, a Washington-based think tank, found 44 percent of African Americans say they face a lot of discrimination, while only 16 percent of whites agreed. Most whites — about three-quarters — believe discrimination is largely confined to history, polls show. † As a result, the concept of group identity for African Americans to address public policy forms of institutional racism also declines. Of course racism is still a part of society in 2010 so any issue of race is still relevant. Behind any large movement, there have always been sub-groups that have benefited by also having their concerns addressed as well. One of the most acclaimed sub-groups in the United States has been that of the black-feminist. Many people believe that the fates of sub-groups are linked with those of the major groups. A good example of that is found in Michael Dawson’s book entitled Black Visions in which Dawson illustrates that the average salary of African American women has steadily increased alongside the average salary of African American males.The feminist revolution has indeed benefited from its stance as a sub-group of the African-American group identity. In theory, these signs should be consistent for years to come. If African Americans are struggling there is no possible way black females can advance because they too are African American. There have been cases in which the concerns of a sub-group have clashed with those of a major group. An example of this happening is the Clarence Thomas and Anita Hill trial. In this controversy, Anita Hill, an African American woman, spoke out on the problems of sexual harassment that she faced when she worked for Thomas.At the time, Thomas was a nominee for a spot in the Supreme Court and allegations against him could have jeopardized his chance at the position. Black nationalists believed that Hill should not have said anything because in her doing so, she was holding African Americans back. A poll taken in 1991 revealed that only 34% of African Americans agreed with Hill’s decision. Then the question remains, can sub-groups have their issues adequately addressed within the context of a racial group identity? The Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas debacle gives reason to believe that it is not possible. Sub-groups have to find a way to completely stand on their own if their matters are going to be equally represented. The Free Dictionary defines the prefix sub with words like below, under, beneath, subordinate, and secondary. A group cannot be secondary to another group and expect the same amount of respect. Conclusively, sub-groups need to form some sort of independence and make decisions that only benefit them. As of today many leaders in the African American community debate on what should be the core components of a relevant ideology to address current issues that plague the African American community.Statistically it seems that all issues that holdback the African American community have had some sort of connection to education. According to a report by the Justice Department in 2000, â€Å"there were 791,600 black men in prison and 603,032 enrolled in college. In 1980, there were 143,000 black men in prison and 463,700 enrolled in college. † CNN reported that in 2007 more than one in five blacks dropped out of high school. In 2010 the average salary of someone who has graduated college is 52,200 for all citizens and all races, while the average salary of someone who only graduated high school is 30,400.In 2004 the average household income for African Americans was around 31,000 dollars. Many people focus just on the unemployment rate, but education is the main component. The percentage of African Americans that dropped out of high school in 2007 was 20%, while for whites, there was only a 12% dropout rate. People who wonder why the number of black Americans employed is much less than white Americans can start by looking at high school dropout rates. People with higher education degrees are more likely to get jobs than those that lack them.If blacks are not equally employed, that means that more are inclined to do whatever they can to survive, even if it means living the lives of criminals. This might explain why in recent years there have been more blacks in prison then in college and why the average household income for African Americans was 31,000 dollars in 2004. Not only is education important for employment and avoiding incarceration, it is also important for health. Those who are not educated are less likely to be able to detect symptoms and attribute them to a certain disease or know ways to avoid them.As of 2010, African Americans are 1. 6 times more likely to die from one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States than European Americans. Much of this also attributes to the fact that families in poverty are less likely to go to the hospital because they might not have health insurance due to economic situations. With all of this in mind it is very important that ways to improve education for blacks is the core component to improve the problems that hold back African Americans. A second core component that should be stressed is taking responsibility.There are many problems with race in America, but people tend to act as if it’s not an issue as the statistics show. If people are going to brush racial matters to the side it is up to the people who believe it is a problem to address it as much as possible and do whatever it takes to have people listen. The race issues do not only need to be addressed to whites, but to everyone because there are individuals from all ethnicities who do not believe race is even relevant. Ideologies have shaped society since the beginning of time, whether good or bad. Today it is important that groups target the most important issues because the core components can affect the other concerns individuals in the group might have. Sub-groups are beneficiaries of these major groups, but will need to create their own identity to have their issues adequately addressed. The complexity of these sub-groups and major groups have been the reason for many discrepancies, but also the cause of the resolutions soon after. History shows that disparities between groups will progressively be solved through forms of compromise.Works Cited Batch, C. B. (2007, february). Racism still persistent in merica:survey. Retrieved from http://www. expressindia. com/news/fullstory. php? newsid=80652 Dawson, Michael. (2001). Black Visions. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press Grossberg, LG. (1994). Living dangerously: idenity politics and the newracism. New York, NY: Routletge. Hughes, MH. (1990). Socialization and racial identity among black americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 364-365. Lefloeur, J. L. (2006, March). Less opposition to gay marriage, adoption and military service. Retrieved from http://people-press. org/report/273/less-opposition-to-gay-marriage-adoption- How to cite Individuality to Group Identity, Papers

Сultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975

Introduction The author migrated from Vietnam to the United States in 1975 due to political conflicts. She was only eight years old when the family relocated to Michigan. The book talks about cultural conflicts that existed in the US at the time.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is reported that the author was confused between choosing to embrace her own culture and adopting the new lifestyle exhibited by Americans. Her grandmother prepared traditional foods while the American society consumed junk food, which was consumed by ‘real people’. Through analysis, it can be observed that the author was ambitious to adopt the American culture, which was perceived to be strong. The author developed a passion for American food mainly because of the style used to prepare it. In her traditional culture, foods such as s pring rolls and delicate pancakes were common. To be viewed as a real American, the author had to embrace some foods in her life such as Pringles, Kit Kats and many more. The book starts by narrating how the family of the author migrated from Saigon in 1975 to Michigan. The book picks up in subsequent sections to give the details of life experienced by an immigrant. This paper would therefore try to evaluate the tenets of the book in order to comprehend its effects on the views of Americans as regards to immigrants. The book would also be evaluated to come up with a personal view as regards to the growth of Asian-American population in the US. The essay first gives the synopsis of the book in order to understand the viewpoint of the author. Synopsis of the Book In part one, the author narrates how life was immediately her family arrived from Vietnam. She notes that the family arrived in Michigan unprepared, which forced the sponsor to find a place for the family to live. Apart from the residential premise, the sponsor had also to find some food for the family.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The food was American implying that it was unfamiliar to the family. The father was offered employment in order to earn a living for the family. The author goes ahead to narrate how it was difficult to cope with the climate that was extremely cold. The writer expresses concern over the type of life that the extended family lived. The house was small and the family did not have sufficient food to consume. This was a problem to the father since he could not sleep. In other words, the writer notes that life was hard. After sometime, an American company producing paint and specializing in tool making employed one of the family members. Even though life was difficult for these foreigners, they could afford some luxury goods to their children. The author notes that the sister controlled all toys meaning that some luxury goods were also available in the house. The author contrasts this luxury with a devastating state of affairs when she claims that the father competed with the uncles for pillows and comforters. Cultural differences started showing up when Mrs. Heidenga served the Author’s father and her uncle. The author notes that the father lamented heavily since Mrs. Heidenga served them with raw hamburgers. At this stage, the writer revisits the family history by observing that the family left Vietnam when she was very young. The activities that took place in the state forced the locals to run away from their country. The Communists had won the war, which meant that the community had to undergo political re-socialization. For that case, the community had to be introduced to new rules regarding communist ideas. The communist regime threatened to execute political opponents and sympathizers of capitalism. This had already happened to the authorâ €™s grandfather. Due to this tribulation, the author notes that Americans decided to intervene in order to save the lives of various children. However, this program was unsuccessful since the first plane carrying children crashed at the Son Nhut air base, killing many people. The author’s father decided to employ alternative option after noting that migrating to the US through the program would be difficult.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The father arranged for an alternative means after realizing that air transport was risky. The family struggled to migrate to the US since conditions were unfavorable. Many people wanted to quit Vietnam due to war and the conquering of the South but there were no escape routes. The author’s father used his friends who served in the military to help his family get out o f Vietnam. The journey was not easy since the immigrants had no food and water while in the ship. The family was introduced to an American food when the American soldiers provided apples to the refugees on board. The author’s father is described as a social man since he could make friends easily. For instance, he convinced the cooks to provide him with some food that he took to his two daughters. Furthermore, he sweat talked the soldiers by showing them how to play poker in exchange for powdered milk for his daughters (Nguyen 12). In the Forbidden Fruit part, the author narrates the life of her father, especially how he related to other refugees. The Vietnamese made efforts to send letters back home. Others concentrated on coming up with their own culture that would distinguish them from other members of society. For instance, the author notes that other Vietnamese could travel to Canada to acquire Chinese rice and even come with seeds that would march those found in their ho meland. The names of such plants could not be translated to English meaning that they were purely Vietnamese. Through food, the foreigners could express thanks to their ancestors by offering sacrifices using the Buddha statue (Nguyen 21). Analysis of the Book Own View Nguyen explains the role of Asian Americans in the development of American culture. The writer explores the experiences of Asians in America in relation to their historical awareness, sex roles, traditions and race. He refers to the white race as the mainstream, which is used by the society to gauge individual capability (21). The society tends to erect some barriers to individuals who do not follow the laid down regulations. This type of arrangement is detrimental to human life and exists to subjugate and oppress some members of society. The society encourages the minority race to join the mainstream implying that the white race is superior. Nguyen shows that modern America is a product of struggle between the minorit ies and various forms of injustices.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The minority have contributed too much to socio-political and economic development of America. Presenting American history as a struggle between white and black race would therefore be irrational. The best way of presenting American character is by viewing it as a diverse and manifold society. It is from the activities of minorities that America is what it is today. Slavery could not have been abolished were it not for the activities of the blacks and subsequent Civil War between the Northerners and Southerners. Egalitarianism and human rights could not have been granted were it not for women and other minorities engaging tirelessly in conflicts with colonialists. The author seems to neglect this fact in his analysis. Many things have taken place in America, which calls for insightful investigation to uncover all aspects. Even though racism has always taken a centre stage, it is not the only way of presenting American character. Asians have undergone many problems in America but few researches talk about them. The Chinese have variously been branded as bandits due to production of cheap goods. Japanese on the other hand suffer from money laundering labeling. This shows that each group has its own concerns in the wider society. Asian/white binary is just one of the mediums of presenting American character. Throughout American history, women have suffered most. Societal structure discriminated women against all social benefits such as employment, political participation and economic supremacy. The author does not talk about this in her analysis. Until recently, women were not allowed to join certain fields or professions in the labor market. Such expert fields were reserved for men. During the 1930s recession, women proved their worth but still they were not fully appreciated in society. After the World Wars, women capitalized on the president’s speech to demand for equal representation and participation in politics. The president declared that the war wa s meant to bring democracy and equality. Through feminine organizations, many historical events have been set. Language use in the modern society is neutral meaning that women need not to adopt male names upon marriage. Legislations have been passed aiming at protecting the rights of women. This proves that the American history is not about race only, as observed by the author. The issue of allocation of resources has threatened to divide Americans in the past. The poor have not been allowed to participate in production fully. The rich have acquired the state, which they use to prevent the poor from revolting against the status quo. Recent studies confirm that the gap between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is widening. The less fortunate from time to time have risen up to challenge their position in society. This is another area of concern confirming that American history is diverse, contrary to what the author views. After the war, each person was treated with honor just as Ng uyen could note because each laborer received a wage that was commensurate to his/her work. Furthermore, America became a free society where each person, including the Asians could participate in elections. Any person was free to vie for any political office as long as he or she qualified. Discrimination based on race or ethnicity was no longer an issue to those seeking leadership in society. The state could not attempt to erect barriers that would temper with individual fulfillment. The state could only act as a utility that oversaw individual realization. It is upon this strength that Americans decided to trust leadership with an individual from another race. Everybody voted for Obama. He was not discriminated in anyway because the constitution provides stricter measures against racial discrimination. No country boosts of cultural diversity than the US. Views of Others As Nguyen could suggest, American society is more structured in terms of culture. The white culture is believed t o be powerful. Therefore, other races are urged to assimilate. This is a problem because voters are convinced to vote on tribal and racial lines. This means that an individual must command a huge racial following for him/her to emerge winner in any election. This happens mostly in state politics where races or tribes elect representatives. It is not surprising that the majority of senators and governors are whites. This has a profound effect because elected leaders influence the system to appoint their cronies and relatives to key government positions. Other races such as the Asian race are left struggling because they do not have the means of accessing government. Whites capture all major positions meaning that policies made will always favor them. Recently, the state of Arizona passed an immigration policy that sought to lock out other races from financial privileges. The white race would benefit because it has representatives in government. The federal government has been adamant because most affected members are not whites. Since whites are not affected, no representative of federal government will attempt to complain. Students have been affected because they are forced to stay without their parents. Their parents moved to other states without biased the immigration law. This shows that American character cannot be explained in terms of a single conflict. In the recent Arizona conflict, Mexicans are affected most because the state borders Mexico. Mexicans are said to be encroaching to American land although the truth is that they pose a security threat to some whites. Mexicans give whites a stiff competition, which have prompted the enactment immigration law in Arizona. Formation of class and subjugation of some members of society is another weakness of American character. There is a conflict between the owners of means of production and the poor. The poor produce goods that they do not consume. They produce goods for the market. The bourgeoisie have formu lated some policies that do not allow the worker to think about his/her future. Workers are forced to work hard in order to acquire basic needs. The bourgeoisie acquires the state and other important societal objects such as the media to influence the worker. The state does not come up with stern measures that can solve labor problems. Workers are alienated from their societal roles because of workload. Capitalistic society is a man eats man society because the rich uses the poor to enrich themselves. Workers are exploited to an extent that they are only left with time for exercising animal related activities such as eating, sleeping and procreating. Finally, there is a conflict between the youth and the aristocrats. Power is concentrated in the hands of the rich while the youth are left suffering. It is not surprising that people who have reached retirement age are still trusted with leadership in society while the young people are neglected. Politicians have been accused of using youths to enrich themselves politically. The old bourgeoisie is keen with the way he/she spends resources. The new bourgeoisie is liberal, something that does not go down well with the rich. This big conflict has threatened to divide America into two. Therefore, the author manages to explain the lives of foreigners in the US, as well as how they cope with the challenges. Works Cited Nguyen, Minh. Stealing Buddha’s Dinner. New York, NY: Penguin, 2008. Print. This book review on Ð ¡ultural conflicts that existed in the US in 1975 was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The IBM Company Management of Information System

The IBM Company Management of Information System Introduction According to Hofstede’s five dimensional model regarding national or organizational culture namely â€Å"Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, Masculinity and Long Term Orientation† (2005), the emphasis indicates that performances and dimensional adversity of a company depends on its level of aggression. There is urgent need for any company to ensure it avoids blending differentiated values especially at the individual levels.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The IBM Company Management of Information System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is an organization culture? It is a programming done through thoughts as a combination of executable set of instructions and rules, which distinguishes member groups or one company from others. It is attributable to a collective phenomenon connected to different aspects and departments in the organization or firm for the purpose of gu idance through its undertakings. One acquires organization cultures from the social setting of a firm or organization. When a person changes the job, the organization culture also changes but only to certain levels because the concept following many structure rally behind the business standards, regulations or policies. The organization culture is not like the other cultures because it allows employees to practice their business undertakings through implementation of the set regulations. Methodology The report of IBM company setting adopt a methodology of critically analysis of the available or already existing literature based on performance and business transactions. Secondly is the re-examinations and study of the literature from experts observations regarding the topics especially those who are directly involved with the implementation into the business world. Good analysis involves companies that face high affects by the circumstances and are still in the market segments. E-com merce and its issues Today the designers of products, manufactures and, marketers are in different locations and often need to complete transactions through the net. Their information requires proper security for an effective collaboration. Many large companies such today have various engagements through the internet for the daily routines. Substantial investment on the security of information is therefore crucial as part of extending enterprises. The big companies invest heavily on the security compared to the smaller companies but the threats befall all the companies, arguably more sophisticated and disproportionate on smaller firms. The security risks entails, disruptions or delays especially on companies with extended enterprises. Other risks may include stolen patent laws, compromise of data integrity and others that are worse such as total loss and manipulation of information to gain profits.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most executives do not understand the viability of the information security and therefore the factors that drive the firms into the investment include; customer requests, government regulations and business policies or requirements. In the marketplace, some companies quantify the investment in information security as a competitive advantage because customers feel comfortable transacting in such firms. Information security/threats What are the benefits of investing in Information Security? Does the investment decrease the cost and risks? â€Å"The insurance companies, arbitrageurs and, financial trading firms manage risks by understanding the methodologies behind the risks experienced by the client firms.† (Schneier, 2009). A firm is able to quantify its value through evaluation of performance or in the course of comparison between the prospective projects and the pending work. The quantitative risk analysis s hows how the control adds value in a reputable and comparable manner. There are quite number of benefits for a firm that invests in information security. The ability to cope effectively with today’s computer threats such as computer viruses/worms, computer threats such as web hacking/breakings/defacement, internet disruptions and other cyber events is at the verge. Insecurity has caused the delivery of products in the virtual market complex and progressively slow since people want to countercheck the viability of a transaction before engaging in it. Threats or risks are all over the virtual transactions. By investing in security control measures, a company is able to safeguard its productivity. For instance, what amount of time employees spent surfing the net while they are supposed to be working on viable projects? How much productivity is lost due to downtime? The ability to monitor such events enables the business to prosper. Secondly, the company is able to control the da ta losses through investment on high backup solutions on the server. It is easy to get the better of cost of reworking through these backup solutions. It is very difficulty to quantify the amount of damages linked to data through malicious code. As a defence and counter measure process, it is important to note that having a good back up system enhances recovery (Easttom, 2006). It is equally very important for outsourced company to ensure proper backup less they suffer from cost related losses (Kerber, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The IBM Company Management of Information System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, system security saves the business proceedings from various performance hitches such as bleach of data or impacts on reputation. Although it is difficult to predict the value of Information Security, it is helpful and important for determine the business value especially when considering a n ew project. One would compare the amount of useful information available from an existing information security system. New technology Today it is eminent that the role of computers has a huge impact on every person. Computerisation has taken over majority of the societal or business roles and has greatly improved lives. The most advanced machines include the intelligent systems that have the ability to control other manual machines. According to Mathias et al (2007), today the manufacture industries such as IBM use computer procedures and information fed to the processing systems to give out the desired outputs. The computer systems are all designed differently and yet the experts are not in a position to be acquainted with all the involved details. The battle with technology is dynamic and a continuous process expected to bring about new challenges every day. This mainly influences on the marketing and advertising department in a very vibrant manner due to the stable anticipated cr eativity. The society is dependent of technology today and having the computers in the workplace, homes and mobility enable effectiveness, and efficiency required for better and all round businesses. The computers cuts down on the production costs and time since there is elimination on majority of the manual tasks involvement. The technology has advanced to a point where the graphical user and three dimension interfaces are on use. Unlike the earlier days when people had to produce everything practically, the computation skills have amazingly incorporated the touch, voice or click commands. The main aim of most companies is to embrace technological skills since they make human tasks easier to undertake without taking over their lives. Arguably, it is very hard for the intelligent systems to take over the society since the human beings makes and controls them with the aim of improving on the quality of life. It is difficult to over-throw the human intelligence and creativity. Today, inventiveness and resourcefulness especially in the business sectors such as use of internet enables resourceful communication and sharing of information. Although the tasks involving computation are expensive, especially the initial start up cost, the advancement engagements, the output as well as the input requirements makes the whole system cheaper and much easier or appreciative due to the quality and quantity of output.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business ethics and social issues Avoiding Uncertainties This aspect relates to the amount or level of stress or strain one maybe undergoing especially in a social setting where the future exhibits unknown possibilities. For instance, the technological changes of the company may pose a lot of strain and stress to the employees whose new requirements may entail retraining to keep to the standards. The employees therefore face competitive disadvantages from the well-trained and up-to-date prospective employees seeking considerations at similar positions. The uncertainty avoidance cannot be a close link to the business risk avoidance. It indicates the social tolerance over ambiguity. It is the determinant factor over the extent to which an employee can persevere comfortable or the uncomfortable job related or social situations in the employment setting. Some people will avoid organizational rules to minimize the unstructured circumstances such as unanticipated or unknown situations tha t are different from the norm. Research indicates that people in the uncertainty defiance conditions are usually emotional and their motivations emerge from personal inner nervousness. (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005) Other people accept the uncertainty and end up being more tolerant over opinions that are different of their expectations. These people are torrent to any organizational change and are willing to go by the organizational change regardless of their difference of opinion, thought or contempt. Individualism Employees working in a large company such as the IBM are bond by the collectivism or â€Å"group work†. At an individual level, employees have certain cultural regulations that loosen the ties between the groups. The dimensional difference in a company addresses the bond issue. Some social group may have strong integration probably due to their social bonds, generation links or loyalty. Masculinity vs. Feminism These are issues relating to the division between the gender related emotions. The subject takes rationality over individual attribute whereby the distribution of values ought to ensure parity as a fundamental and societal issue. The study of the IBM indicates that the feminine aspects have lower differences among various societies compared to the male values. Among the different countries where the IBM Company has branches, the male values are dominant in the line of assertiveness and competitiveness. On the other hand, women have almost similar values focusing on modesty and care. According to Hofstede and Hofstede (2005), the reference of assertiveness in the model is ‘Masculine’ while the modesty among females is ‘Femininity’. Although the issue may have, the social influences such that the competitive situations that changes the feminine perspective to narrow the gap. Sometimes the differences in the social cultures have deep-rooted values such as taboos that may also influence adversity especially among women. Business Strategy/initiative Today most companies such as the IBM have realized the key role of the HR departments. To increase profitability, the HR department should be the key business strategic planner through deployment of the technology such as the web-based analysis of economic factors influencing the business. Discovery of knowledge as the key resource for the department is the basis for the future predictions that HR management will necessitate for new and radical management strategies and practices. The field of information technology should replace firms’ important administrative tasks entitled to HR department today. The managers in the HR department should be the strategic business associates who ought to ensure the business gains from its planning strategies. According to Mathias et al, (2007) the HR management system should have the sole role of ensuring maximization of profit margins through enhanced quality and technology based on human management as a way of creating value to the organization The aspects of internetworking required for the HR management include intranet technology, electronic education for the clients as well as the employees, self-service for the client, gathering of the client’s response, reactions or comments virtually through surveys and electronic comments. Future Human Resources plans Inline with Daft and Marcic, (2008) the future implication and planning for technological advancement as a business strategy means advancement in employees’ productivity in the aim of general performance. During the integration of the information technology into business, the aim is to eventually manage and improve the customer’s relationship, manage the intelligence in the business setting, plan for the resources, manage people especially in terms of the knowledge, supply chain management, enhancement of electronic trade as well as and supporting decision making procedures (Daft and Marcic, 2008). Most b usinesses have attained majority of these aspects but the future expectations for IBM are that the system to be in a position of promoting all the requirements. Any future endeavours of IT related departments are to generate improved performance/effectiveness through reduction on cost but maximization of profit margins. (Mathias et al, 57) Today utilizing the available technology is inevitable, the question remain whether the companies are utilizing the technology in the right manner especially for the human resource departments. According to Daft and Marcic (2007), what lies ahead is a human resource department focused on a knowledge based economy, where the race remain between the rivalry companies over fast learning and flexible organization with the aim of taking the advantage over the already technologically acquainted markets. The technological advancement allows the companies to be in a position of collaborating and exchanging information over contraction or stockholding. Maj or future understanding of the IT integrated in the HR management entails definition of the intended and anticipated outcomes. The current increased usage of technology in the workplace shows that it is inevitable for the HR departments to adopt the web-based systems as a business initiative. Conclusion Today, recovering a business from a disaster is a common phenomenon in systems management. For many years, it has been a long and risky procedure for the overall business practice unless one used the business continuity arrangements to get extra information for carrying on the disaster recovery process. Management of information system can benefit IBM because of exposure to economical capabilities and availability of resources. The new management system entails outsourcing a disaster recovery team. This optimal procedure is mainly economical and outstanding. The IBM enjoys the advantages of availability of some standard backup procedures of storing information and other important ass ets. Incorporation of continuity or disaster recovery plans as necessary tools for backing-up management procedures allows IBM business policies to authorize compliance. Effective business continuity plan entails management sponsorship and, compliance with polices and procedures. The process is mainly dependent of corporate senior management in the firm. The complexity of businesses as highlighted by the human errors involves compliance measures to determine the critical need for the firm to overcome vulnerability to malfunctions. A good management system focuses on impact and risk analysis of the business. It is a direct contribution to business’s disaster recovery plan. The plan for business management system therefore gives support from all the firm’s departments through incorporation of policies as part of standard operating procedures, to measure the competencies of these functional areas. References Daft, R .L, Marcic, D., 2008. Understanding Management. Kentuck y: KY. Cengage Learning Publishers Easttom, C., 2006. Network Defense and counter measures principles and practices: Security Series. Pearson Prentice Hall Hofstede, G., and Hofstede, G.J., 2005. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. (Second Edition). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Kerber, R., 2007. Cost of Data Breach at TJX sours to $256m. [online]. Available at from  https://www.boston.com/ Mathis, R, L., Jackson, J. H., and Elliott, T. L., 2007. Human Resource Management. Thomson Southwestern Publishers Schneier, B., 2009. Security ROI Fact and Fiction. [online]. Available at https://www.schneier.com/

Examples of Legends in Literary Texts

Examples of Legends in Literary Texts A  legend is  a  narrative - often handed down from the past - that is used to explain an event, transmit a lesson, or simply entertain an audience. Though customarily told as true stories, legends often contain supernatural, bizarre, or highly improbable elements. Types of legends include folk legends and urban legends. Some of the worlds most famous legends survive as literary texts, such as Homers Odyssey and  Chrà ©tien de Troyes tales of King Arthur. Folktales and Legends Although folktales and legends are both important genres of orally told narrative, in many ways they are decidedly different. As folklorists use the term, folktales are fictional stories; that is, they are regarded as fictions by those who tell and listen to them...Legends, on the other hand, are true narratives;  that is, they are regarded by their tellers and listeners as recounting events that actually took place, although to say so is an oversimplification....Legends are historical accounts  (such as the account of Daniel Boones encounters with Indians); or they are sorts of news accounts (as with contemporary or urban legends in which, for example, it is asserted that a madman with a hook arm recently attacked parked teenagers somewhere nearby); or they are attempts to discuss human interactions with other worlds, whether in the present day or in the past...However, in the social contexts in which legends  are told, attitudes toward the veracity of any given narrative may differ; some people may accept its truth, others may deny it, still others may keep an open mind but not commit themselves. (Frank de Caro, Introduction to  An Anthology of American Folktales and Legends.  Routledge, 2015) How Have Legends Appeared in Literary Texts? One of the worlds most famous legends is the story of Icarus, the son of a craftsman in ancient Greece. Icarus and his father attempted to escape from an island by making wings out of feathers and wax. Against his fathers warning, Icarus flew too close to the sun. His wings melted, and he plunged into the sea. This story was immortalized in Breughels painting Landscape With the Fall of Icarus, which W. H. Auden wrote about in his poem Musee des Beaux Arts. In Breughels Icarus, for instance: how everything turns awayQuite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman mayHave heard the splash, the forsaken cry,But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shoneAs it had to on the white legs disappearing into the greenWater, and the expensive delicate ship that must have seenSomething amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.(From Musee des Beaux Arts by W. H. Auden, 1938) As stories handed down from the past, legends are often revised by each subsequent generation. The first stories of King Arthur, for example, were recorded in Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae  (History of the Kings of Britain), which was written in the 12th century. More elaborate versions of these stories later appeared in the long poems of  Chrà ©tien de Troyes. By several hundred years later, the legend was so popular that it became the subject of parody in Mark Twains humorous 1889 novel  A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court.

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream Essay

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream - Essay Example However, there is also an image in the poem that shows the father’s love for his son. My own dad is a tough father but he also loves me too. The father in "My Father Teaches Me to Dream'' is a tough father, and this displayed in a variety of images. For example, the rhythm of the poem has an ordering rhythm. The father tells his son what to do and what not to do. In addition, n lines such as "You get up. You get on the bus," "You don't look from side to side," and "You keep your eyes straight ahead'' show that the father didn't allow his son any space to think or to be creative. Also, in the line en he said "You get off the bus. You work all day," the father shows his son how tough the world is he doesn’t allowgive any time for leisure time. Furthermore, the father broke his son’s heart when he said "All other stuff you're looking for—it ain't there." This line deprived the son of the last drop of hope that he was hanging on. Also, the father told his son to be very precise and not to do any more than what he is told to do. This kills creativity in the son; it will not make him creative and he will likely grow up to becomes him an average man. The last line of the poem, â€Å"Work is work,† is quite simply yet it shows something of the father’s personality or background. ... This might not actually be the personality that the father has, but this is what is portrayed in the poem. However, despite the toughness that the father displays towards his son, he also shows his son some love in this poem. For example, the line "That way nobody will bothers you—see?" shows how the father does care about his son because he does not want anybody to bother him or make him feel uncomfortable. This is the true value of a father because any father should show so much concern for their son that they would want them to live a life free of trouble. Also, the line "There's no handouts in this life" could be explained as the father caring about his son; he is just trying to teach him that he has to work for everything that he wants in this life because no one will give him any freebies. While this could be perceived as mean, this is just a harsh reality of life and the sooner that we get used to it the quicker we can do something with our lives. Furthermore, when the father said "You do the same thing again," it could mean that if you are trying to work hard to accomplish a dream and it does not happen right away, it does not mean that you should stop; you should keep trying until you finally reach your dream. This could be seen as the father wanting a boring life for his son, but all he wants is for his son to find a successful formula in life and stick to it. This way, the son will always be pleased with his life and he should hopefully pass this important piece of advice onto his son. This line shows how the father wants his son to reach his dream and also that he did not envy him. The father wants his son to still have an opportunity to reach his

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Research Paper

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Prison - Research Paper Example In recent years there has been a problem in the United States of the prison population rapidly growing, which has been causing financial problems as well as issues with finding the space to incarcerate the criminals . As a consequence, there has been a trend towards probation and parole as methods of getting criminals out of prison earlier and back in society. In addition to reducing prison population, it is thought that this may also help the individuals to successfully rehabilitate into society, reducing their rate of recidivism. Although studies indicate that the success of probation and parole may be limited, the process nevertheless appears to be effective for some individuals, and there are processes that can be undertaken to increase this effectiveness. Prevalence of Probation/Parole Parole and probation are widely used as means of justice, and these are often considered to be community corrections. Probation is part of the sentence that is initially handed from the judge when following a trial. It can occur in addition to or instead of time in prison. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released from prison after serving all or a part of his sentence. In both cases the individual is under a set of conditions, such as they are not allowed t associate with certain individuals, cannot commit crimes or visit certain locations. If the individual breaks these conditions, then they are subject to imprisonment. In many cases the offender’s attendance to these conditions is determined by their supervision by a parole or probation officer. The number of individuals under community correction at any given time is high, much higher than that of the prison population. For example, in 2003, there were around 2.1 million adults incarcerated, but approximately 4.8 million undergoing either parole or probation . These numbers were not unique to that year, but instead represent the general trend . There is no unified system for probation and parole acros s states. Instead each state has their own guidelines and laws surrounding the circumstances in which criminals are eligible, the length, restrictions that are placed on the individual and other factors . Because of this, the manner in which individual supervisors treat those they are in charge of differs significantly between different people, cities and states . The recent changes in sentencing laws have resulted in an increase in the number of people who are receiving community corrections . It is likely that any solution to the problem of high numbers of incarcerated inmates will result in increases to the number of people under probation and parole . This will result in an increased workload for those involved in supervision of offenders. The power of officers has increased significantly in recent times. Currently many parole and probation officers are able to carry weapons, as well as administer drug tests to determine whether the offender is remaining drug free . Effectivenes s One of the key roles of probation and parole is to reduce the rate of criminals reoffending. This is an important issue, as more than two thirds of released prisoners have been found to reoffend within three years of their release . Studies have shown that while probation and parole can be effective as a method of sentencing for many individuals, the rate of recidivism remains very high . One factor that limits the effectiveness of probation is the fact that a large number of people on probation and par

GeoStrategic Importance of Pakistan

GeoStrategic Importance of Pakistan Geo- Strategic means importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. Geo political is defined as, stressing the influence of geographic factors on the state power, international conduct and advantages it derives from its location. Pakistan is located at a region which has a great economic, political and strategic location. It has been the hub of great activities for the past twenty years. Stephen Cohn describes this importance While history has been unkind to Pakistan, its geography has been its greatest benefit. It has resource rich area in the north-west, people rich in the north-east. Pakistan is a junction of South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, a way from resource efficient countries to resource deficient countries. The world is facing energy crisis and terrorism. Pakistan is a route for transportation, and a front line state against terrorism. Pakistan has witnessed the intervention of three great powers Britons, U.S.S.R and U.S. Its significance is further enhanced during the cold war when it became the alley of the U.S policy of containment of U.S.S.R and now the post cold war era has witnessed its significance politically after the event of 9/11. Pakistans Geographical Location: Pakistan is located in southern Asia. It is located between 24 and 36.5 Northern latitude and between 61 and 75.5 eastern latitude. The area of Pakistan is estimated at 803,940 square kilometers. Pakistan is the bridge between South Asia and South West Asia. Towards the North western part of Pakistan there lies Afghanistan. Pakistans boundary with Afghanistan is about 2,250 kilometers long. In the north, it runs along the ridges of the Hindu Kush (meaning Hindu Killer) mountains and the Pamirs, where a narrow strip of Afghan territory called the Wakhan Corridor extends between Pakistan and Tajikistan. This strip is about 16 to 25 kilometers long. The boundary line between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called Durand Line and it was drawn by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1893 and he was the foreign sectary of British India and was acceded to by the ameer of Afghanistan that same year. It was not in doubt when Pakistan became independent in 1947, although its legitimacy was in later years disputed periodically by the Afghan government as well as by Pakhtun tribes straddling the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. On the one hand, Afghanistan claimed that the Durand Line had been imposed by a stronger power upon a weaker one, and it favored the establishmen t of still another state to be called Pashtunistan or Pakhtunistan. On the other hand, Pakistan, as the legatee of the British in the region, insisted on the legality and permanence of the boundary. The Durand Line remained in effect in 1994. In the northeastern tip of the country, Pakistan controls about 84,159 square kilometers of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. This area, consisting of Azad Kashmir (11,639 square kilometers) and most of the Northern Areas (72,520 square kilometers), which includes Gilgit and Baltistan, is the most visually stunning of Pakistan. The Northern Areas has five of the worlds seventeen highest mountains. It also has such extensive glaciers that it has sometimes been called the third pole. The boundary line has been a matter of pivotal dispute between Pakistan and India since 1947, and the Siachen Glacier in northern Kashmir has been an important arena for fighting between the two sides since 1984, although far more soldiers have died of exposure to the cold than from any skirmishes in the conflict. From the eastern end of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, a boundary of about 520 kilometers runs generally southeast between China and Pakistan, ending near the Karakoram Pass. This line was determined from 1961 to 1965 in a series of agreements between China and Pakistan. By mutual agreement, a new boundary treaty is to be negotiated between China and Pakistan when the dispute over Kashmir is finally resolved between India and Pakistan. The India-Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is the international boundary between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat from provinces of Punjab and Sindh. Pakistan borders India in the East. The border resulted from the Partition of India in 1947. The Line of Control (L.O.C) separates The Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistan administered Azad Kashmir. Wagah, the ceremonial point of crossing between India and Pakistan lies along this border between the Indian city of Amritsar and the Pakistani city of Lahore, and is within close distance of both cities urban sprwal. The boundary with Iran, some 800 kilometers in length, was first delimited by a British commission in 1893, separating Iran from what was then British Indian Balochistan. In 1957 Pakistan signed a frontier agreement with Iran, and since then the border between the two countries has not been a subject of serious dispute. To the South of Pakistan , Arabian sea and Indian ocean are located. The costal belt of Pakistan is about 700 kilometer. Pakistan significance is enhanced as it located near the Persian Gulf from where 65% oil of the world is produced. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 500 BC , one of the worlds first great civilizations began to develop in the Indus Valley in what is now Pakistan.Ruin of Harrapa and Mhenjo- Daro , were the two major cities of the civilization, show that both were large and well planned. By about 1700 BC, the Indus Valley civilization had disappeared. Experts dont know why it collapsed. During the next several thousand years, many people from southwest and Central Asia came into the region that is now Pakistan. About 1500 BC, a Central Asian people called Aryans came through the mountains passes to the Punjab region. In time, they settled across almost all of india. The Persians conquered the Punjab during the 500 BC and made it part of the huge Achmenid empire. In 236BC, Alexander the great took control of most of what is now Pakistan, a few years later, the emperor Chandra Gupta Mauriya made the region, part of Mauriyan empire. The Mauriyan Empire began to break up about 230BC. Greeks from the independent state of Bacteria in Central Asia then invaded the Indus valley, they established kingdom with capitals near the present day cities of Peshawar and Rawalpindi. About 100BC Scythians from Afghanistan came into Baluchistan and Sindh. In time they conquered the Indus region. The Parthian, who in turn was conquered by the Kushans of Central Asia, replaced Afghans. The Kushans ruled what is now Afghan. Pakistan and northwest India from about AD 50 mid 200s. They controlled the trade routes from China to India and the Middle East, Peshawar, the kushan capital, became the major commercial center. During the mid 300 the Indus valley become part of the Gupta Empire which had expanded westward from northeastern India, Huns from Central Asia conquered the empire in mid 400s. The coming of Islam, In AD 711,Arabs Muslims sailed across the Arabian sea and invaded Sindh bringing Islam to the region, Beginning about AD 1000 Turkish Muslim invaded Northern Pakistan from Iran. The Turkish ruler Mehmood of Ghazni established a Muslim kingdom that in time including the entire Indus Valley. Lahore become the capital of the kingdom and developed into a major entre of Muslim culture. In 1206, most of what is now Pakistan became part of the Delhi Sultanat, a Muslim empire that included Northern India. The Delhi Sultanat lasted until 1526, when Babar a Muslim ruler from Afghanistan, invaded India and established the Mughul Empire. By far Sher Shahs greatest legacy is the modern Grand Trunk road which ran from Bengal to Attock, however some claim it ran right up to Kabul. Along the way Baulis and Sarais were constructed which are the equivalent of Modern day Service stations. Some 450 years later, an incompetent ruler of Modern Pakistan also fancied going down in History as Sher Shah Suri. The result, a road though one of the best in the world but a white elephant for the Pakistani Nation.

American Folk Art

Visiting the four on-line sites devoted to â€Å"Gilded Lions and Jewelled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel† helped me to enhance my knowledge of Jewish woodcarvers art, and I was also provided with excellent opportunity to explore the works of American and European artists. I found out that American art has contributed developing of distinct Jewish culture within American boundaries. The works of art presented at the sites are really exuberant and refine as they reflect the history of transformation and, what is more important, of survival of cultural heritage.The exhibitions presented amounts more than one hundred works and objects, as well as documentary photographs of synagogue arks and carved gravestones, carousel animals and sacred carvings. I learned that Jewish immigrants had to struggle to balance their observant life with reality as it was difficult for them to adjust to new environment. Nevertheless, the most interested information I learned is about the histor y of carousels and carousel animals – lions and horses.My favorite image (see picture) is a standing horse with jeweled trappings made by Marcus Charles Illions. The horse is wooden, painted and decorated with glass eyes and jewels. Illions is known to create the most animated carousel animas and his horses seemed exhausted from their eternal gallop tempers. The horses were often entailed with wild eyes and they were flying in the air. Carousels gained popularity in American and one of the possible reasons is that they were designed by diverse generation of immigrants who added distinct features to horses and lions.The carousel industry flourished in urban centers of New York and Philadelphia as those regions were characterized by mass immigration from countries with strong carving traditions. Mostly, carousel animals were designed by Italians, Germans and Eastern Europeans. Works Cited http://www. folkartmuseum. org/default. asp? id=1869 http://www. gildedlions. org/ http:// www. gildedlions. org/carousels. html http://www. gildedlions. org/welcome. html